Drug trafficking is a highly complex, transnational, and constantly changing criminal practice, posing continuous and substantial challenges to public security forces. This is a phenomenon that directly affects institutional stability, public order, and the integrity of national borders. In recent decades, there has been a significant diversification of available illicit substances, with a significant increase in the production of synthetic narcotics, alongside drugs of plant origin, such as cannabis, cocaine, and heroin. According to data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), although cannabis remains the most trafficked substance, there has been an expansion in the cultivation of the coca plant and a reduction in opium production.

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